Charles was a son, and first child, of Jacob and Catharina Swartz Rapp. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri where his parents had settled briefly.

Later, he may have lived on the 160 acre family farm which was located on the northeast quadrant of the section along Livingston and Woodford County line to the east and Hwy 116 to the north. As of 2013, this land contains corn and numerous windmills, but no homestead. It is due north of a Century Farm owned by O. Rients, the same family who owned the land when Charles' father, Jacob, farmed there.

According to a family document and census records, Charles was a brother of Mary, John, Sophia, Edward, Emma, and George, and half-brother of Elizabeth and Lena Rapp.

Charles' mother died in 1871, leaving six children at home: Mary 16, John 14, Elizabeth 12, Edward 8, Emma 6, and George 4.

Charles would have been age 25 and not living at home. He was married to Lena Miller in 1869. His father, Jacob, quickly remarried to Maria Twiehaus. Two half-sisters, Elizabeth and Lena, were born to this union.

He was preceded in death by his parents.

Family records are somewhat indeterminate, but after researching, I believe this is as accurate as I know. Children of Jacob and Catharina (Charles' birth family). There is quite a large span of time between Charles' and Mary's births which seems unusual for the time.
Charles Rapp (b. abt 1846)
Mary Rapp (b. abt 1855)
John Rapp (b. 1856)
Sophia Rapp (b. abt 1858)
Edward Rapp (b. 1863)
Emma Rapp (b. abt 1864)
George Rapp (b. abt 1865)
F. J. Rapp (b. 1871) - possibly a brother who died along with the mother.
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Source: Ancestry.com Family Trees (accuracy not guaranteed)
Name: Charles F. Rapp
Birth: 11 Sep 1846 - West St Louis, Missouri
Death: 16 Jan 1922 - Milford, Iroquois, Illinois
Married: 15 July 1869 to Lena Miller at age 22 in Minonk, Woodford, Illinois
Spouse: Lena Miller 1848 – 1908
Children:
Jacob Rapp 1870–1888
Elizabeth Marie Rapp Schaumburg 1871–1923
Minnie Rapp Siems 1874–1932
Mary Caroline Rapp Geiken 1876–1959
Anna B. Rapp Schaumburg 1878–1931
Henry Rapp 1882–1957
Frank J Rapp 1883–1948
Sophie M Rapp Schroeder 1886–1961
Lena Gretchen Caroline Rapp Schlemmer 1888–1976
Emma Rapp Wessels 1890–1964
William Rapp 1893–1959

The 1900 U.S. Federal Census reveals that Lena had 13 children, but only 11 were living. I do not know anything about the other two children. Can anyone help?

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1850 United States Federal Census
Name: Charles Rapp
Birth Year: abt 1846
Birthplace: Illinois
Home in 1850: Lacon, Marshall, Illinois
Family Number: 4
Household Members:
Jacob Rapp 29
Catharine Rapp 27
Charles Rapp 4

1880 United States Federal Census
Name: Charly Rapp
Birth Year: abt 1848
Birthplace: Missouri
Home in 1880: Nebraska, Livingston, Illinois
Relation to Head of House: Self (Head)
Marital Status: Married
Spouse's Name: Lena Rapp
Father's Birthplace: Baden
Mother's Birthplace: France
Occupation: Farming
Household Members:
Charly Rapp 32
Lena Rapp 31
Jacob Rapp 10
Lizzie Rapp 8
Minnie Rapp 6
Mary C. Rapp 3
Anna Rapp 1

1900 United States Federal Census
Name: Charles F Rapp
Birth Date: Sep 1846
Birthplace: Illinois
Home in 1900: Ash Grove, Iroquois, Illinois
Relation to Head of House: Head
Marital Status: Married
Spouse's Name: Line Rapp
Marriage Year: 1869
Years Married: 31
Father's Birthplace: Germany
Mother's Birthplace: Germany
Household Members:
Charles F Rapp 53
Line Rapp 51
Henry Rapp 18
Frank Rapp 16
Sophia Rapp 14
Line Rapp 12
Emma Rapp 10
William Rapp 7

1910 United States Federal Census
Name: Charles F Rapp
Birth Year: abt 1847
Birthplace: Miss [Missouri]
Home in 1910: Milford, Iroquois, Illinois
Relation to Head of House: Head
Marital Status: Widowed
Father's Birthplace: Germany
Mother's Birthplace: France
Household Members:
Charles F Rapp 63
Lena Rapp 22
William Rapp 17

1920 United States Federal Census
Name: Charlie Rapp
Birth Year: abt 1846
Birthplace: Missouri
Home in 1920: Iroquois, Iroquois, Illinois
Relation to Head of House: Father-in-law
Marital Status: Widowed
Father's Birthplace: Germany
Mother's Birthplace: France
Able to read: Yes; Able to Write: Yes
Household Members:
John Siems 54
Minnie Siems 45 (dau)
Emma Smith 21 (gr dau)
Mary Smith 18 (gr dau)
Olga Smith 17 (gr dau)
Charlie Rapp 74

Illinois, Deaths and Stillbirths Index, 1916-1947
Name: Chas. F. Rapp
Birth Date: 11 Sep 1846
Birth Place: West St Gons's, MO
Death Date: 16 Jan 1922
Death Place: Milford, Iroquois, Illinois
Burial Date: 19 Jan 1922
Burial Place: Schwin
Death Age: 75
Occupation: Farmer
Race: White
Marital Status: W
Gender: Male
Father Name: Jacob Rapp
Father Birth Place: Germany
Mother Name: Marije (I wonder if Marie was written since his birth mother died 51 years prior, and the children who completed his death information may not have known any other Gma Rapp than Marie?)
Mother Birth Place: France
FHL Film Number: 1556735